Everything about Ali Fuat Cebesoy totally explained
Ali Fuat Cebesoy (born September
1882,
İstanbul – death
January 10 1968,
İstanbul) was a
Turkish officer, politician and statesman. His father is
İsmail Fazıl Paşa and mother is Zekiye Hanım. He attended the War School (1902) and graduated from the Turkish War College (1905) as the first in his class, while
Atatürk was the second best in grades.
Military background
He went to
Beirut and
Thessalonica as an intern, and then became a
lieutenant (1907). After serving as the military attaché in
Rome,
Italy he participated in the
Balkan Wars. As a reward to his superior success during the
defense of Ionnia, he was promoted to the rank of
lieutenant colonel.
During the
World War I, he served as a commander of division, army corps and army. Because of his successes, he was promoted to the rank of
colonel in 1915 and
major general in 1917, and became the commander of the XXth Army Corps. At the last phase of the war, he fought on the fronts of the
Caucasus and
Palestine. After the
Montrose Ceasefire was signed, he transferred the headquarters of his army corps from
Syria to
Ereğli, then to
Konya and to
Ankara.
Turkish Revolutionary War
Ali Fuat Pasha organized the resistance in Western Turkey against the Greek invasion and thus actually started the
National Independence War. He contributed to the resistance forces against the
Greek army that had begun to occupy Western
Anatolia. He signed
Amasya Protocol and at the end of the Sivas Congress in 1920, he was appointed as the general commander of the National Forces by the Board of Representatives. The presence of him and his army in Ankara is the reason behind Atatürk's choice of this city as the center of Turkish War of Independence.
The same year, he was elected as a deputy at the First Parliament. He was appointed ambassador to
Moscow,
Soviet Union in 1921, as he'd quarrels with
Ismet Inonu, who was appointed by Ataturk as the Commander of the Western Front although Inonu had failed against Greek invasion at Kutahya-Altıntas in 1921. By personally negotiating with
Lenin and
Stalin in Moscow, he signed the
Treaty of Moscow (1921) along the lines of the
Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty as the representative of the
Ankara government, which provided financial and military support from the Soviet Union to the Turkish Independence War, in exchange for the return of
Batum back to Soviet Union. After finishing his duty as an ambassador, he was elected as the second spokesman of the
Turkish Parliament.
Political life
After the declaration of the Republic, he became a deputy. In this new era of his political career, he joined the founders of the opposition party, the
Progressive Republican Party, and he was elected as the general secretary of the party in 1924. During the rebellion of
Şeyh Sait, the Law on the Maintenance of Order was affected and the Progressive Republican Party was closed down. Ali Fuat Cebesoy was arrested with the accusations of participating in the attempt of assassination against
Atatürk and was taken to
İzmir. He was tried at the İzmir Independence Court and was acquitted in 1926.
He retired with the title of general. He stayed away from politics for four years between 1927 and 1931). In 1931, he returned to politics and elected as a deputy from
Konya. He served as the deputy of Konya and
Eskişehir until 1950. He also served as Minister of Public Works from 1939 to 1943, Minister of Transportation (1943–1946) and as the president of the Parliament in 1948. He became an independent candidate for the
Democratic Party in Eskişehir at the next general elections, however he wasn't elected. In the following years, he was elected as a deputy from İstanbul and served in the parliament for ten more years between 1950 and 1960. After the
military coup on
May 27,
1960, he was initially arrested with the rest of the Democratic Party MPs but later set free. After this experience he quit politics for good.
He was buried to the backyard of a mosque near
Geyve train station, after his will, when he died at the age of 86. His body was moved later to the
Turkish State Cemetery in Ankara.
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